The Philippines must strengthen its defenses against a fast-rising threat that targets public trust rather than physical territory, according to Atty. Mike Toledo, who warned that disinformation and influence operations are emerging as key risks to national stability.
Speaking at the Armed Forces of the Philippines’ 90th founding anniversary, Toledo said the country is confronting a new form of conflict he described as “cognitive warfare,” where adversaries aim to weaken social cohesion and confidence in institutions.